Conscience Again Is a Psychological Thing With a Moral Direction a Study in Moral Theory
Ideals is the co-operative of philosophy that deals with morality and how it shapes behavior. Different branches of the study of ethics expect at where our views of morality come up from and how they shape our everyday lives. There are four major ethical theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. Each one of these theories looks at our ethical behavior in different means.
Deontology
The theory of deontology states that when we take to brand ethical decisions, our kickoff thoughts are on our duties and obligations. According to this theory, what nosotros believe our duties are will drive how we act in dissimilar situations. For example, we may make a determination based on following the law or based on our loyalty toward friends or family unit members.A
The biggest hole in the theory of deontology is that at that place'south no standard for what a person's duties and obligations are. Philosophers who don't agree with this theory believe that everyone's duties are different, so at that place's no manner to know what drives a person to make a particular decision.
U tilitarianism
According to the theory of utilitarianism, people cull their actions based on how their decisions will do good the most people. You make a decision that will be best for everyone involved. At that place are two sides to this theory. Act utilitarianism says you will brand decisions based on helping others, while rule utilitarianism says y'all will act out of fairness.
Those who don't agree with this theory believe that nobody can predict outcomes, then nosotros tin't know what the benefits of our actions will exist. Comparing consequences can be hard, so some philosophers say that we tin can't truly brand utilitarian decisions.
R ights
The rights theory of ethics says that people make decisions based on the rights that their club agrees to. What the majority of people in that society believes is important will drive decisions. For example, the rights we Americans take in our Constitution should be factors in our decision-making co-ordinate to this theory. Our rights, such as freedom of speech and freedom of organized religion, should assistance united states make up one's mind how to behave.
People who don't agree with this theory believe that a order'due south rights are too complicated to effigy out. They say it'south too hard to tell what most people think is important to the whole society, so it'due south a messy thought to base decisions on. Societies that don't have written laws similar our Constitution brand this theory less conceivable, according to some philosophers.
5 irtue
The upstanding theory of virtue states that we can judge a person's decisions based on his or her character and morality. The style someone lives his or her life tin explain any ethical decision according to this theory. For example, a person who lies and cheats to get ahead in life probably makes decisions based on advancing his or her own interests according to the virtue theory.
The biggest pigsty in this theory is that people can change their moral graphic symbol, and the theory doesn't take changes in morality into account. The virtue theory puts people in boxes based on their reputations at one indicate in fourth dimension.
C onsequential Ethics
These iv theories fall into i of two categories. The first one, consequential ethics, states that outcomes determine ethical decisions. Therefore, the effect of a situation makes that determination OK. For example, information technology's ethical for you to tell a white lie if information technology achieves what you need or desire information technology to.
The theory of utilitarianism falls into this category because the benefit of decisions is the biggest gene. The virtue theory can fit into consequential ethics considering a person's reputation can exist based on the consequences of his or her decisions.
Due north onconsequential Ethics
Nonconsequential ethics is the other side of the coin to consequential ethics. Information technology says that people base of operations their decisions not on the outcome but on the values and behavior that they hold deeply. In nonconsequential ethics, you'll make up one's mind on a situation based on what you lot believe rather than what may happen. For case, you won't lie in a state of affairs if you believe that honesty is of import.
The theory of deontology falls under this type of ethics considering people brand decisions based on their duty to those around them. Likewise, the rights theory belongs in this category because the rights that society holds beloved are important over whatsoever other gene. Virtue could likewise fit here considering people of high moral graphic symbol tin determine based on their values.
Source: https://www.reference.com/world-view/four-major-ethical-theories-fe06344fe488fa54?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740005%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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